Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Cause Postprandial Distress Syndrome?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder where the patient experiences repeated episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Conversely, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is a subtype of functional dyspepsia characterized by recurring abdominal discomfort after meals.  

While the causes of both conditions are complex and stem from several factors, recent studies suggest a potential association between OSA and PDS.  

Join us as we discuss the source and symptoms of postprandial distress syndrome and the relationship of this disorder with obstructive sleep apnea. Recognizing and addressing this connection could improve diagnostic accuracy, refine treatment strategies, and enhance patient outcomes. 

What is Postprandial Distress Syndrome?

Postprandial distress syndrome is categorized within functional dyspepsia (FD), and its symptoms originate from the gastroduodenum. Individuals with PDS tend to experience discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen after eating, which results in: 

• Fullness 
• Bloating 
• Satiation before the person has consumed the necessary amount of food 

Although the causes of PDS remain unclear, various factors appear to be implicated. Gastric sensorimotor function disorders are possible contributors, as they can disrupt the normal movement and sensing abilities of the stomach. Similarly, inflammation in the first part of the small intestine could trigger symptoms such as early satiation and abdominal pain. 

Psychological factors such as stress may also contribute to the development or exacerbation of PDS symptoms. 

How Are Postprandial Distress Syndrome and Epigastric Pain Syndrome Different?

Postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) are two distinct subtypes of functional dyspepsia, each with specific symptom patterns. 

PDS predominantly presents with meal-related symptoms, including and satiation and pain from bloating, regardless of the amount consumed. The symptoms of this disorder can significantly impact everyday activities due to their disruptive nature and persistence after meals.  

The discomfort and sensation of fullness can limit physical activity and productivity, leading to decreased quality of life. Since symptoms can continue for several hours after meals, individuals with PDS may also experience disruptions in work, leisure, and interpersonal relationships. 

In contrast, EPS involves meal-unrelated symptoms, such as epigastric pain or burning sensation in the upper abdomen. Epigastric pain refers to the discomfort localized in the area of the abdomen below the ribs, in the upper central portion known as the epigastrium. It can vary in intensity and may be described as dull, sharp, or cramp-like. 

The burning sensation associated with EPS is caused by irritation or inflammation of the lining of the stomach or esophagus. Patients feel it behind the breastbone, and it may radiate upwards and toward the throat. 

Unlike PDS, where symptoms are triggered or exacerbated by eating, individuals with EPS may experience discomfort even when they haven’t consumed food recently. However, further research into the underlying mechanisms of both subtypes is necessary to refine diagnostic criteria and optimize therapeutic interventions for individuals with functional dyspepsia. 

How Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Affect Individuals with PDS?

The Boramae Medical Center of Seoul National University conducted a study to examine the potential association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the two variations of functional dyspepsia: PDS and EPS.  

It involved dividing 79 individuals according to the severity of their OSA, and then into groups based on whether they exhibited symptoms of EPS or PDS within the context of functional dyspepsia.  

The study didn’t find a clear statistical connection between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and functional dyspepsia. However, it did suggest that the severity of OSA might be related to the presence of functional dyspepsia, as results indicated that individuals with severe OSA showed a heightened prevalence of PDS compared to those with moderate OSA. 

While the precise mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear, the study underscores the importance of further research to elucidate the relationship between OSA and gastrointestinal symptoms. 

Gaining insights into this relationship can aid in the management of individuals presenting symptoms of both conditions. Clinicians can develop more tailored treatment approaches that address both OSA and PDS concurrently, improving the health and quality of sleep of their patients. 

Furthermore, understanding the link between OSA and PDS could help identify ways to prevent PDS from developing in individuals with OSA. Detecting those at higher risk for PDS among those with OSA early on can lead to prompt interventions and slow symptom advancement. 

Are You Looking for Effective OSA Treatment?

For personalized treatment and guidance on obstructive sleep apnea and related conditions such as postprandial distress syndrome, consult with our specialists at Sunrise Orthodontics and Airway and Sleep Group. 

Schedule an appointment to learn more about improving your sleep health today.